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	USDA Organic United States · Tier 1 Gold	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	Fair for Life Global · Tier 2 Trusted	ECO Ecocert France · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The US Department of Agriculture's national organic standard. The green-and-white seal is the legal mark for any food sold as 'organic' in the United States.	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	Combined organic + fair-trade + social-responsibility certification. Issued by Ecocert (originally developed by IMOswiss). Stricter than baseline Fairtrade on labour conditions; often paired with an organic mark on the same product.	France-based independent certifier operating in 130+ countries. One of the world's largest organic + cosmetics + textile certifiers. The 'Ecocert' wordmark on a package usually means Ecocert was the accredited body that ran the inspection against the national/EU standard.
Scope	Food	Food	Several categories	Several categories
Established	2002	1985	2006	1991
Inspection	Annual on-site by USDA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual on-site, Ecocert-administered	Annual on-site, ISO 17065-accredited
Residue testing	Required on ≥5% of operations annually	Risk-based	Risk-based	Risk-based per standard
Guarantees	At least 95% of ingredients are certified organic (the '100% Organic' variant requires every ingredient). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs, no sewage sludge, no irradiation. Annual on-site inspection by a USDA-accredited certifier. Residue testing on at least 5% of certified operations each year.	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	Fair pricing for producers. Compliance with ILO core conventions on labour rights, no forced or child labour. Environmental criteria including organic-or-equivalent farming practices. Annual on-site audit by Ecocert.	Inspection against the relevant national or private organic standard (EU 2018/848, USDA NOP, COSMOS, GOTS, Fair for Life, etc.). Annual on-site inspection. Accredited under multiple national systems including USDA NOP and EU 2018/848.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify nutrition, taste, or animal welfare specifically (separate marks like AWA cover welfare). Doesn't guarantee local production — a 'USDA Organic' product can be grown anywhere with an accredited inspector.	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Doesn't itself mean organic — pair with an organic mark for the full picture.	Ecocert is the certifier, not the standard — the actual rules come from whichever organic regulation the product is certified under.

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