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	USDA Organic United States · Tier 1 Gold	Demeter International Global · Tier 2 Trusted	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	Australian Certified Organic Australia · Tier 1 Gold
What it means	The US Department of Agriculture's national organic standard. The green-and-white seal is the legal mark for any food sold as 'organic' in the United States.	The certification mark for biodynamic agriculture. Stricter than any government organic standard: it covers the entire farm as a closed ecosystem, follows a planting calendar tied to lunar/solar cycles, and bans many practices the baseline organic rules permit.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	Australia's largest organic certifier, accredited under the Australian National Standard for Organic and Bio-Dynamic Produce. The bud-and-leaf logo is the most-seen organic mark in Australian supermarkets.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Food
Established	2002	1928	2010	2002
Inspection	Annual on-site by USDA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by Demeter-accredited inspectors	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	Annual on-site, ACOS-accredited
Residue testing	Required on ≥5% of operations annually	Risk-based on top of organic	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	Risk-based
Guarantees	At least 95% of ingredients are certified organic (the '100% Organic' variant requires every ingredient). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs, no sewage sludge, no irradiation. Annual on-site inspection by a USDA-accredited certifier. Residue testing on at least 5% of certified operations each year.	All organic standards PLUS biodynamic preparations and whole-farm planning. Whole-farm certification (not single fields/products). Annual on-site inspection by Demeter-accredited inspectors. Animal welfare standards stricter than baseline organic.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual on-site inspection. Animal welfare and biodynamic-compatible production options.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify nutrition, taste, or animal welfare specifically (separate marks like AWA cover welfare). Doesn't guarantee local production — a 'USDA Organic' product can be grown anywhere with an accredited inspector.	Biodynamic philosophy includes esoteric elements (lunar planting, herbal preparations) that many scientists view as non-evidence-based — the agronomic outcomes are still good, the underlying claims about cosmic forces are not testable.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Australia has no single mandatory organic mark — ACO is the dominant one, but NASAA, OFC, and others also certify.

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