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	USDA Organic United States · Tier 1 Gold	India Organic (NPOP) India · Tier 1 Gold	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty	COSMOS-Organic / Natural European Union · Tier 2 Trusted
What it means	The US Department of Agriculture's national organic standard. The green-and-white seal is the legal mark for any food sold as 'organic' in the United States.	India's national organic mark under the National Programme for Organic Production. Administered by APEDA; required on any food exported as organic and increasingly on domestic packaging.	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.	The leading certification for organic cosmetics in Europe. Two grades: COSMOS Organic (≥95% organic agricultural ingredients) and COSMOS Natural (no organic minimum, but the same restricted-ingredient list).
Scope	Food	Food	Several categories	Cosmetics
Established	2002	2001	1992	2010
Inspection	Annual on-site by USDA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by APEDA-accredited certifier	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body	Annual on-site by COSMOS-accredited certifier
Residue testing	Required on ≥5% of operations annually	Required for export shipments	Per-category limits	Risk-based
Guarantees	At least 95% of ingredients are certified organic (the '100% Organic' variant requires every ingredient). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs, no sewage sludge, no irradiation. Annual on-site inspection by a USDA-accredited certifier. Residue testing on at least 5% of certified operations each year.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification.	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.	COSMOS Organic: ≥95% organic agricultural ingredients. COSMOS Natural: minimum natural-origin ingredients with banned synthetic restrictions. No GMOs, no parabens, no PEGs, no synthetic fragrances, no SLS/SLES. Biodegradability requirements. Annual on-site audit.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify nutrition, taste, or animal welfare specifically (separate marks like AWA cover welfare). Doesn't guarantee local production — a 'USDA Organic' product can be grown anywhere with an accredited inspector.	Domestic-only sales can also use FSSAI's 'Jaivik Bharat' mark — if you see only 'Jaivik Bharat' without 'India Organic', the supply chain may be PGS-India rather than NPOP-accredited.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.	Doesn't certify clinical effectiveness or skin tolerance.

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