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	USDA Organic United States · Tier 1 Gold	India Organic (NPOP) India · Tier 1 Gold	Rainforest Alliance Global · Tier 3 Specialty	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty
What it means	The US Department of Agriculture's national organic standard. The green-and-white seal is the legal mark for any food sold as 'organic' in the United States.	India's national organic mark under the National Programme for Organic Production. Administered by APEDA; required on any food exported as organic and increasingly on domestic packaging.	Sustainable-agriculture certification (post-2020 merged standard with UTZ). Covers environmental, social, and economic criteria. NOT an organic mark.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.
Scope	Food	Food	Food	Food
Established	2002	2001	1987	2010
Inspection	Annual on-site by USDA-accredited certifier	Annual on-site by APEDA-accredited certifier	Annual third-party audit (RA-accredited)	Annual third-party audit + lab testing
Residue testing	Required on ≥5% of operations annually	Required for export shipments	Risk-based	GMO testing only (not pesticide)
Guarantees	At least 95% of ingredients are certified organic (the '100% Organic' variant requires every ingredient). No synthetic pesticides, no synthetic fertilizers, no GMOs, no sewage sludge, no irradiation. Annual on-site inspection by a USDA-accredited certifier. Residue testing on at least 5% of certified operations each year.	≥95% organic ingredients. No synthetic pesticides, no GMOs. Annual third-party certification.	Reduced (not eliminated) synthetic pesticide use, with bans on the most hazardous classes. Forest conservation requirements (no deforestation after the cut-off date). Worker welfare and community development requirements. Annual third-party audit.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.
Does NOT	Doesn't certify nutrition, taste, or animal welfare specifically (separate marks like AWA cover welfare). Doesn't guarantee local production — a 'USDA Organic' product can be grown anywhere with an accredited inspector.	Domestic-only sales can also use FSSAI's 'Jaivik Bharat' mark — if you see only 'Jaivik Bharat' without 'India Organic', the supply chain may be PGS-India rather than NPOP-accredited.	Allows synthetic pesticides — does NOT meet any organic standard. Often confused with organic but it's a different programme.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.

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