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	AB (Agriculture Biologique) France · Tier 2 Trusted	EU Ecolabel (Flower) European Union · Tier 3 Specialty	Non-GMO Project Verified United States · Tier 3 Specialty	? 'Natural' (NOT a certification) Worldwide · Tier 4 Marketing
What it means	France's national organic mark, owned by the Ministry of Agriculture. Sits alongside the EU Leaf on virtually all French organic packaging.	The European Commission's voluntary environmental label. Covers cleaning products, paper, textiles, electronics, accommodation services. NOT an organic mark.	North America's leading 'no genetically modified organisms' certification. Tests for the presence of GMOs in finished products. NOT organic.	The word 'natural' on packaging is a marketing term, not a certification. In most jurisdictions there's no legal definition, no standard, and no inspection. A product labelled 'natural' can contain synthetic ingredients, pesticides, GMOs, and artificial flavours.
Scope	Food	Several categories	Food	Several categories
Established	1985	1992	2010	—
Inspection	Annual on-site by French-accredited certifiers	Annual audit by national Ecolabel competent body	Annual third-party audit + lab testing	None
Residue testing	Risk-based	Per-category limits	GMO testing only (not pesticide)	None
Guarantees	EU baseline organic (EU 2018/848). Annual on-site inspection by accredited French certifiers (Ecocert, Bureau Veritas, Qualité-France).	Lifecycle-based environmental criteria per product category. Restrictions on hazardous chemicals. Annual licence renewal with audit.	Verified absence of GMO ingredients (with action thresholds, not zero tolerance). Annual third-party verification. Tracing and segregation across the supply chain.	Nothing. It is not a certification and there is no body verifying anything.
Does NOT	Same standard as the EU Leaf — AB is the brand consumers recognise, not a stricter rule.	Doesn't apply to food. Doesn't mean organic.	Doesn't mean organic — Non-GMO products can use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers freely.	Doesn't mean organic. Doesn't mean pesticide-free. Doesn't mean GMO-free. Doesn't mean ethically produced. Some markets (e.g. the US FDA on food, EU on cosmetics) place very limited restrictions on the word, but enforcement is weak.

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